常(chang)規切削(xue)904L不銹鋼可以(yi)(yi)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)7∶24錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)度刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)有(you)ISO、BT、SK等不同類型,適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)也不同。但這(zhe)種(zhong)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)機床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)只(zhi)是(shi)靠(kao)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei),無端(duan)面(mian)(mian)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)結構,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸端(duan)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)法蘭端(duan)面(mian)(mian)間(jian)(jian)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大間(jian)(jian)隙,不適(shi)(shi)宜在(zai)高(gao)(gao)速(su)切削(xue)條件下使用(yong)(yong)。目前高(gao)(gao)速(su)切削(xue)多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)1∶10中空(kong)短錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing),這(zhe)種(zhong)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)由錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)(徑向)和法蘭端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(軸向)共同實(shi)(shi)現與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸的(de)(de)(de)剛性連接(jie)(jie)(jie),由錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)實(shi)(shi)現刀(dao)(dao)具與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)同軸度,錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)度1∶10。1∶10刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)德(de)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)HSK系(xi)列(lie)、美國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)KM系(xi)列(lie)、日本的(de)(de)(de)NC5系(xi)列(lie)和瑞(rui)典的(de)(de)(de)CAP2TO四(si)大系(xi)列(lie)。其(qi)(qi)中, HSK工(gong)(gong)具系(xi)統應用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)最廣,并且已成(cheng)為(wei)ISO 標準 。HSK刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)口采(cai)用(yong)(yong)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)和端(duan)面(mian)(mian)兩面(mian)(mian)同時(shi)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式,刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)為(wei)中空(kong),錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)體長度較(jiao)(jiao)短,有(you)利(li)于實(shi)(shi)現換刀(dao)(dao)輕型化(hua)及(ji)高(gao)(gao)速(su)化(hua)。由于采(cai)用(yong)(yong)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei),完全消除了軸向定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)誤(wu)差,適(shi)(shi)合高(gao)(gao)速(su)、高(gao)(gao)精度加工(gong)(gong)。由于刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸中的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)式屬于過定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei),所以(yi)(yi)安裝時(shi)必(bi)須嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)基準線與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法蘭端(duan)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)軸向位(wei)(wei)(wei)置精度,與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)相應的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸也必(bi)須控(kong)制(zhi)這(zhe)一軸向精度,所以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)制(zhi)造工(gong)(gong)藝難度較(jiao)(jiao)大。加之(zhi)HSK刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)度較(jiao)(jiao)小,接(jie)(jie)(jie)近于直柄(bing)(bing),所以(yi)(yi)這(zhe)種(zhong)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)復重磨很困難,比起(qi)普(pu)通標準7∶24刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing),成(cheng)本高(gao)(gao),價格約(yue)為(wei)普(pu)通刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)2倍左右。

  高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)切削(xue)與(yu)常規切削(xue)904L不銹鋼(gang)管相比,切割(ge)工藝系統中的(de)(de)(de)工件(jian)、夾具(ju)(ju)和(he)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)積聚(ju)著更大的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang),承受很大的(de)(de)(de)離心力。任何旋轉體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)不平(ping)衡(heng)所(suo)引起的(de)(de)(de)離心力會隨(sui)著轉速(su)的(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)(gao),以(yi)平(ping)方關系增大。而旋轉刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)系統由(you)于(yu)其(qi)結(jie)構與(yu)機(ji)床(chuang)連接的(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)性,即(ji)使不平(ping)衡(heng)量(liang)很小,也會在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)切削(xue)時產生很大的(de)(de)(de)離心力,從而引起機(ji)床(chuang)振動,加劇刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)磨(mo)損,影響(xiang)工件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加工精度和(he)表面質量(liang)。所(suo)以(yi)用于(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)切削(xue)的(de)(de)(de)回轉刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)都必須(xu)經過動平(ping)衡(heng)測(ce)試,并應達到ISO1940/1規定的(de)(de)(de)G40平(ping)衡(heng)質量(liang)等級,經過測(ce)試達到要(yao)求才能(neng)用于(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)切削(xue)。為此(ci),在(zai)機(ji)夾刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構上要(yao)設置可調節(jie)動平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)部位。

  銑(xian)削(xue)試(shi)驗(yan)采用可轉(zhuan)位端銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)( <40 mm, 3齒) ,刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)采用HSK的1 ∶10 中空(kong)短(duan)錐(zhui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前對刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)進行動(dong)平衡測試(shi),不(bu)平衡量符合規定要求。試(shi)件為(wei)(wei)80mm×80mm的坯料。切削(xue)參(can)數(shu):主軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)速為(wei)(wei)5000r/min,切削(xue)速度(du)為(wei)(wei)628m/min,進給速度(du)為(wei)(wei)20m/min,切削(xue)深度(du)為(wei)(wei)0.8mm ,干式切削(xue)。所用機(ji)夾(jia)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片的材料分別為(wei)(wei)GC1025、Carmet310 和(he)(he)(he)T1200A,其加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)性能及效果比較(jiao)如表(biao)1所示。從(cong)試(shi)驗(yan)結(jie)果可知,由于在銑(xian)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中,切削(xue)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)的磨損和(he)(he)(he)缺損一般是(shi)因(yin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)口熱裂紋的擴散傳播(bo)所致。所以(yi),對不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)這種在加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中產(chan)生高(gao)溫的被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材料,涂(tu)層硬質合金(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)顯得不(bu)太適合;而超(chao)細(xi)晶粒硬質合金(jin)(jin)和(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)陶瓷刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)在高(gao)速切削(xue)904L不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管時,具(ju)有良(liang)好的抗月牙洼磨損和(he)(he)(he)抗邊界溝槽磨損性能,刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)耐用度(du)較(jiao)高(gao)。而且能得到較(jiao)好的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)和(he)(he)(he)表(biao)面(mian)粗(cu)糙度(du),可以(yi)說(shuo)是(shi)目前加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)這種難加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材料較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)理想的刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)材料。 采用高(gao)速切削(xue)技術對904L不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管進行加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),無論(lun)是(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本,還是(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)、表(biao)面(mian)粗(cu)糙度(du)和(he)(he)(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)耐用度(du),相比傳統(tong)切削(xue)方法都有了質的飛躍。實驗(yan)證明,運用先(xian)進的數(shu)控機(ji)床和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)速刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)系(xi)統(tong),加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)904L不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)是(shi)完全(quan)可行的。